When talking about graphene, we need to initially point out the all-natural mineral graphite that is widely existing in our every day life.
As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a split product, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are organized layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the very same layer “hold hands” and are carefully attached, yet the combination of carbon atoms between various layers is loose, like a pile of playing cards. With a gentle push, the cards will certainly glide apart.
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From the viewpoint of chemical structure, graphite is a transitional crystal in between atomic crystals, steel crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the exact same layer type covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is connected to 3 other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms create a regular hexagonal ring on the exact same airplane, extending to create a sheet framework.
If graphite is a stack of playing cards, after that graphene is just one of the cards in this stack of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional product composed of a solitary layer of carbon atoms. Stacking graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite contains about 3 million layers of graphene.
Although graphene exists in nature, it is difficult to remove a single layer structure.
Greater than twenty years ago, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, scientists at the College of Manchester in the UK, believed that there need to be a means to acquire a solitary layer of graphite.
How can a solitary layer of graphite be removed? Scientists took an extremely “simple and unrefined” approach – sticking it with tape.
“Similar to when we compose a typo theoretically, we will stick the typo with tape.” Based on this, scientists strongly associate that if tape can adhere to the surface area of paper, can it additionally stay with layers of graphite?
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In the experiment, scientists stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to an unique tape, and detached the tape, the graphite sheet was split into two. Although the density of graphite at this time is still far from that of a single layer of graphite, scientists have actually validated the expediency of this approach – each time the tape is made use of, the graphite becomes thinner. By demanding using this “mechanical peeling approach” to repeat the procedure, they lastly acquired a thin sheet containing only one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.
Nonetheless, this technique of continuously scrubing graphite sheets with tape to acquire graphene has reduced manufacturing efficiency and can only be used to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.
Later on, with the enhancement of scientific and technical degrees, the prep work approach of graphene has additionally made wonderful development. Presently, along with this typical physical and mechanical peeling method, there are additionally numerous methods for preparing graphene, such as redox approach, solvent peeling technique, chemical vapor deposition, and so on
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